Direct evidence for intercontinental dispersal of a snail via a bird

Long-distance dispersal (LDD) is a critical process in the distribution of less-migratory organisms. Migratory birds are considered principal vector LDD, especially over extremely long distances such as between continents. However, there has been no evidence LDD spanning thousands kilometers, even via birds. In this study, we collected freshwater snail attached to Latham's snipe. This was identified genus Glyptophysa through morphological and molecular identification based on four genetic regions. Considering migration route bird molluscan genus, conclude that which migrated 4000 km across ocean. finding demonstrates an intercontinental scale organism migratory bird, many biologists have presumed occur.